Principales dificultades de los proyectos de investigación de la especialidad Medicina General Integral / Main Difficulties of Research Projects of the General Comprehensive Medicine Specialty

Introducción: El residente de Medicina General Integral, una vez graduado, ejecutará investigaciones en correspondencia con las necesidades actuales del Sistema Nacional de Salud y a partir de los problemas de salud predominantes en su comunidad. Objetivo: Describir las principales dificultades en los proyectos de investigación de los residentes de la Especialidad de Medicina General Integral. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Sagua la Grande en el período 2020-2021. La población objeto de análisis quedó constituida por un total de 69 proyectos de investigación provenientes de 5 policlínicos docentes de 3 municipios del territorio (Corralillo, Quemado de Güines y Sagua la Grande). Se revisó el proyecto de investigación, se confeccionó un modelo para la recogida de datos extraídos de los mismos y se elaboró una base de datos para su almacenamiento. Resultados: Las principales dificultades estuvieron dadas en no sustentar adecuadamente la investigación, en la redacción del problema científico, específicamente la relación entre el problema y el tipo de investigación, la conceptualización y/o operacionalización de las variables, la selección y elaboración de los métodos, técnicas e instrumentos para la recogida de la información y la acotación de la bibliografía por normas de Vancouver. Conclusiones: Resulta de vital importancia que los residentes de esta especialidad desarrollen habilidades investigativas desde el primer año de formación, lo que contribuirá a un mejor desempeño profesional a partir de la aplicación del método científico en la solución de los problemas de salud que se presenten en su quehacer diario(AU)

Introduction: The family medicine resident, once graduated, will do research in correspondence with the current needs of the national health system and considering the predominant health problems in her/his community. Objective: To describe the main difficulties in the research projects of residents in the General Comprehensive Medicine specialty. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was carried out in the medical school of Sagua la Grande Municipality, in the period 2020-2021. The population under analysis consisted of a total of 69 research projects from five teaching polyclinics in three municipalities of the territory (Corralillo, Quemado de Güines and Sagua la Grande). Each research project was reviewed, a model was prepared for collecting the data extracted from them, and a database was elaborated for their storage. Results: The main difficulties were not supporting the research adequately, as well as in writing the scientific problem, specifically the relation between the problem and the type of research; also, the conceptualization or operationalization of variables, the selection and elaboration of methods, the techniques and instruments for the collection of information, and the bibliographical adjustment by the Vancouver norms. Conclusions: It is of vital importance that residents of this specialty develop research skills from the first year of training, which will contribute to better professional performance from the application of the scientific method in the solution of health problems that appear in their daily work(AU)

Resultados del grupo científico estudiantil Formación e investigación en apoyo vital en emergencias y desastres / Results of a student scientific group for Training and Research in Vital Support for Emergencies and Disasters

Introducción: El desarrollo de grupos científicos estudiantiles en las universidades es una necesidad en función de nuevos conocimientos y una formación más integral. Objetivo: Describir los principales resultados del grupo científico estudiantil Formación e investigación en apoyo vital en emergencias y desastres en sus primeros tres años de trabajo. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva, prospectiva, desarrollada en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos entre 2017 y 2019. El universo estuvo conformado por todos los estudiantes (25) y profesores tutores (6) que integraban el grupo. Como técnicas se emplearon la revisión documental, la tormenta de ideas y el grupo focal. Resultados: El plan de formación investigativa anual fue diferenciado por año académico y necesidades. Se impartieron temas escalonadamente complejos sobre metodología de la investigación y otros afines a la carrera. En cada año se cumplieron las tareas propuestas. Los estudiantes desarrollaron 29 investigaciones (13,8 por ciento publicadas y 48,3 por ciento premiadas), que se presentaron en tres fórums estudiantiles y otros 12 eventos. La producción científica creció progresivamente tanto en cantidad como en calidad. Conclusiones: Los resultados del grupo científico estudiantil fueron positivos. El diseño de un programa de capacitación extracurricular, modular y de participación colectiva sobre metodología de la investigación y temas médicos afines al proyecto de los tutores facilitaron la adquisición de habilidades investigativas de los estudiantes, y la obtención de buenos indicadores de actividad científica, con excepción del número de publicaciones(AU)

Introduction: The development of student scientific groups in universities is a need in terms of new knowledge and a more comprehensive training. Objective: To describe the main results of a student scientific group for training and research in vital support for emergencies and disasters in its first three years of work. Methods: Descriptive and prospective research carried out at the University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos between 2017 and 2019. The universe consisted of all students (25) and tutor teachers (6) who were part of the group. Documental review, brainstorming and focus group were used as techniques. Results: The annual research training plan was differentiated by academic year and needs. Complex topics on research methodology and others related to the major were taught in stages. In each year, the proposed tasks were completed. The students developed 29 research projects (13.8 percent were published and 48.3 percent received awards), presented during three student scientific meetings and twelve other events. Scientific production grew progressively both in quantity and quality. Conclusions: The results of the student scientific group are positive. The design of an extracurricular, modular and collective participation training program on research methodology and medical topics related to the tutors' project facilitated the acquisition of students' research skills and the achievement of good indicators of scientific activity, with the exception of the number of publications(AU)

Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE): first steps in the process of the engagement in research projects in Brazil

Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) - sometimes called Community Engagement and Involvement (CEI) - comes as a big challenge but one that can be very helpful for health care professionals and stakeholders in planning better health policies for attending to the main needs of the community. PPIE involves three pillars: public involvement, public engagement, and participation. Public involvement occurs when members of the general population are actively involved in developing the research question, designing, and conducting the research. Public engagement tells people about new studies, why they are important, the impact of results, the possible implication of the main findings for the community, and the possible impact of these new findings in society, as well as, in the dissemination of knowledge to the general population. Participation is being a volunteer in the study. Our experience with PPIE, to the best of our knowledge the first initiative in Brazil, is a partnership with the University of Birmingham, the University of Liverpool, and the NIHR Global Health Group on Atrial Fibrillation (AF) Management focusing on the AF care pathway exploring the important aspects of diagnosis and treatment in the primary care system from a low-middle income area in São Paulo. The involvement of patients/public in the research represents a new step in the process of inclusion of all segments of our society based on patient illness and the gaps in knowledge aiming to open new horizons for continuous improvement and better acceptance of research projects.

Perspectivas de los graduados de Odontología sobre la supervisión (asesoría) de la tesis de licenciatura

Resumen Se identificó las perspectivas que tienen los graduados sobre los procesos de supervisión que tuvieron con sus asesores de tesis. Estudio cualitativo cuya población fueron graduados del pregrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima. Perú), a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Las categorías de estudio estuvieron relacionadas con la planificación de las actividades con el supervisor, decisiones del supervisor y percepciones generales sobre el supervisor. De los 20 entrevistados, 12 (60%) fueron mujeres. La planificación fue indicada como uno de los elementos que poco se discutió con el asesor, la mayoría indicó que nunca tuvieron una primera reunión para coordinar cómo serían las sesiones de asesoría. La percepción que se tiene de los supervisores de tesis no es adecuada por parte de los estudiantes de Odontología. Los principales aspectos negativos estuvieron relacionados a la falta de planificación de las actividades y reuniones.

Resumo Foram identificadas as perspectivas que os egressos têm sobre os processos de supervisão que tiveram com seus orientadores de tese. Estudo qualitativo cuja população foram graduandos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Peru), por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. As categorias do estudo foram relacionadas ao planejamento das atividades com o supervisor, decisões do supervisor e percepções gerais sobre o supervisor. Dos 20 entrevistados, 12 (60%) eram mulheres. O planejamento foi apontado como um dos elementos pouco discutidos com a assessoria, a maioria indicou que nunca teve uma primeira reunião para coordenar como seriam as sessões de assessoria. A percepção dos orientadores de tese não é adequada por parte dos alunos de Odontologia. Os principais aspectos negativos foram relacionados à falta de planejamento das atividades e reuniões.

Abstract We identified graduates' views on their thesis supervision process as led by their thesis advisors. A qualitative study of graduates of the School of Dentistry of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Peru) included semi-structured interviews. The study categories were planning activities with the advisor, the advisor's decisions, and general views on the advisor. Of the 20 interviewees, 12 (60%) were women. Planning was insufficiently discussed with the advisor; most interviewees said that they never had a first meeting to coordinate what the advisory sessions would be like. Dental students do not have a favorable view of thesis advisors. The main negative aspects were the lack of planning of activities and meetings.

Analyses on horizontal scientific research projects from 2015 to 2019 by provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the horizontal scientific research projects from 2015 to 2019 by the provincial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in China, and to compare the regional differences, in order to provide the suggestion on the scientific management of CDC.Methods:The horizontal scientific research projects from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed by questionnaire survey. Multiple linear regression models were adopted to examine the trend, and variance analyses were used to test the differences in horizontal scientific research projects among the Eastern, Central, and Western regions.Results:From 2015 to 2019, provincial CDC have received RMB 124.3 million of horizontal scientific research project funds totally, of which 51.9% were funded by enterprises, and 86.9% were undertaken by provincial CDC themselves. There were no statistical significance in the change of research project funds obtained by provincial CDC ( F=0.46, P = 0.764) during this period.The number of horizontal scientific research projects undertook or participated by provincial CDC in the Eastern region were more than that of the Central and Western region ( F = 5.85, P = 0.004; F = 5.03, P = 0.008). Conclusions:The horizontal scientific research projects obtained by the provincial CDC remained stable in recent years while distribution was unbalanced in the region areas. It is suggested to innovate the management mode of scientific research projects with strengthening the trans-agency, trans-department and trans-regional cooperation.

Proyección estratégica para el desarrollo de las investigaciones en una Facultad de Ciencias Médicas / Strategic projection for the development of research in a Faculty of Medical Sciences

Introducción: En la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Miguel Enríquez (FCM-ME) es necesario fortalecer el potencial investigativo y la producción científica de sus profesionales, con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de los servicios de salud a nuestra población. Objetivo: Proponer un plan para el desarrollo de las investigaciones en la FCM-ME. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo retrospectivo con la finalidad de recopilar información referente a las actividades y los resultados investigativos generados en la Facultad durante el periodo 2017-2020. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio la tercera parte de nuestros profesionales tienen una categoría docente de profesor titular o auxiliar; y del total el 2 % son investigadores auxiliares o titulares y el 3 por diento son doctores en ciencia. Respecto a la producción científica, el índice de proyectos y publicaciones nacionales por docente ha oscilado entre un 0,07-0,13; y el de publicaciones internacionales/docente ha sido de 0,03 durante los últimos 3 años. Estas cifras se han mantenido constantes durante los últimos años, por lo que se propone implementar un plan estratégico que permita el desarrollo de las investigaciones en la FCM-ME. Conclusiones: Se propone un plan estratégico para el desarrollo de las investigaciones en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Miguel Enríquez (AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: At Miguel Enriquez Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM-ME) it is necessary to strengthen the research potential and scientific production of its professionals, in order to improve the quality of health services to their population. Objective: Propose a strategic plan for the development of research in the FCM-ME. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in order to collect information regarding the activities and research results generated in the faculty during the 2017-2020 period. Results: During the study period, a third of the professionals have a teaching category of full professor and/or assistant; and of the total, 2% are assistant and/or tenured researchers and only 3 % are PhD. Regarding scientific production, the index of national projects and publications per teacher has oscillated between 0.07-0.13; and that of international publications/teacher has been 0.03 during the last 3 years. These results have remained constant in past years, so it is proposed a strategic plan that allows the development of investigations in the FCM-ME. Conclusions: A strategic plan is proposed for the development of research in the Miguel Enríquez Faculty of Medical Sciences (AU)

Fundamentos bioéticos que utilizan los comités de ética para la evaluación de investigaciones en seres humanos, en Antioquia / Bioethical Foundations Used by Ethics Committees for the Evaluation of Research on Human Beings, in Antioquia / Fundamentos bioéticos utilizados pelos comitês de ética para a avaliação da pesquisa em seres humanos, em Antioquia, Colômbia

Resumen: Los comités de ética de investigación (CEI) son grupos de carácter interdisciplinar encargados de la evaluación de proyectos de investigación en los cuales participan seres humanos directa o indirectamente. Los CEI tienen diferentes funciones, procedimientos y fundamentos, tanto nacionales como internacionales, bajo los cuales se rigen para llevar a cabo su función. El objetivo del proyecto es describir los fundamentos bioéticos que tienen en cuenta los CEI al momento de establecer los criterios de evaluación de un proyecto de investigación, para ello, se realizó una entrevista se-miestructurada (encuesta) a un integrante o al CEI en pleno. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una diferencia en la aplicación de los fundamentos, que en algunos casos depende de si el CEI está o no certificado. Se encontró que los CEI no usan los mismos fundamentos porque los desconocen, no les aplican o lo hacen parcialmente. Se concluye que todos los CEI aplican la Resolución 008430 de 1993 para la evaluación, sin embargo, son flexibles en su aplicación porque esta no abarca la diversidad y complejidad de las investigaciones actuales, por lo que es urgente su actualización.

Summary: Research ethics committees (REC) are interdisciplinary groups responsible for the evaluation of research projects in which human beings take part directly or indirectly. RECS have different functions, procedures, and basics, both national and international, under which they are governed to carry out their function. The aim of the project is to describe bioethical foundations that consider REC when establishing a research project evaluation criterion, for this, a semi-structured interview (survey) was carried out with a member or the REC in full. The results obtained show a difference in the application of the basics, which in some cases depends on whether REC is certified or not. It was found that RECS do not use the same grounds, because they are not known, they are not applicable or partially apply. It is concluded that all RECS apply Resolution 008430 of 1993 for evaluation, however, they are flexible in their application because they do not include the diversity and complexity of the current research, so it is urgent to update it.

Resumo: Os Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEI, na sigla em espanhol) são grupos interdisciplinares responsáveis por avaliar projetos de pesquisa nos quais seres humanos participam direta ou indiretamente. Os CEI têm diferentes funções, procedimentos e fundamentos, nacionais e internacionais, sob as quais são governados para desempenhar sua função. O objetivo do projeto é descrever os fundamentos bioéticos que são levados em consideração pelos CEiquando eles estabelecem os critérios de avaliação de um projeto de pesquisa, para esse fim, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada (enquete) com um integrante ou a todo o CEI. Os resultados obtidos mostram uma diferença na aplicação dos fundamentos, que em alguns casos varia se o CEI em questão for certificado ou não. Verificou-se que os CEI não usam os mesmos fundamentos porque não os conhecem, não os aplicam ou o fazem parcialmente. Conclui-se que todos os CEI aplicam a Resolução 008430 de 1993 para a avaliação, no entanto, eles são flexíveis em sua aplicação porque ela não abrange a diversidade e complexidade da pesquisa atual, por isso é urgente atualizá-la.

Quality evaluation of scientific research project final report conclusion based on factor analysis and TOPSIS / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To comprehensively evaluates the final quality of completed scientific research projects, and explore a set of evaluation methods for evaluating the quality of congener projects.Methods:Taking 31 provincial and ministerial research projects concluded completed between during 2016 to 2020 in a grade A tertiary Children′s Hospital of Jiangsu Province as the research objects, the evaluation index data were collected, the index weights were determined by factor analysis, and the quality of the research projects was comprehensively evaluated by combining TOPSIS method which derived from a grade A tertiary Children′s Hospital in Jiangsu Province, to collect the relevant evaluation index data, then determine the index weight by factor analysis and calculate sequences with TOPSIS, further evaluate the quality of these projects.Results:The top six projects are project 17, project 8, project 4, project 5, project 31 and project 7, all of which are provincial-level social development projects. The last six projects are project 19, project 6, project 14, project 11, project 28 and project 12, all of which are funded by Provincial Natural Science Foundation. The evaluation results are consistent with the actual completion quality of the projects.Conclusions:This method can evaluate the final quality of scientific research project scientifically and effectively. The evaluation results are more objective and reasonable by making full use of the original data information. It is a suitable method for the quality management of scientific research projects.

Análisis bibliométrico de los proyectos de graduación de ingeniería eléctrica de la Universidad de Costa Rica 1999-2018 / Bibliometric analysis of the graduation projects in electrical engineering of the University of Costa Rica 1999-2018

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de los proyectos de graduación de pregrado en la Escuela de Ingeniería Eléctrica de la Universidad de Costa Rica, entre los años 1999 y 2018. El interés principal es desarrollar un análisis descriptivo de la distribución temporal y temática de estos documentos, los cuales se realizan de forma individual por los estudiantes de esta carrera para optar por el título de Bachillerato en Ingeniería Eléctrica. En tal sentido, se analizaron las siguientes variables: a) número de proyectos por quinquenio, b) áreas temáticas, c) número de páginas por documento, d) género de los autores. Se obtuvo un total de 938 documentos, utilizando la información contenida en las bases de datos del Sistema de Bibliotecas, Documentación e Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Los resultados se discutieron en términos de la evolución de las variables y temáticas a lo largo de los veinte años del período estudiado. Entre los hallazgos se encuentran la mayor participación de las mujeres y la reducción del tamaño de los documentos en años recientes, así como la constante actualización de las temáticas. Estos resultados son un reflejo de los intereses y áreas activas de esta carrera, por lo que los resultados pueden constituir un indicador de la evolución de la disciplina de Ingeniería Eléctrica en la institución.

Abstract The purpose of this research was to perform a bibliometric analysis of undergraduate graduation projects at the School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Costa Rica, between the years 1999 and 2018. The main interest is to perform a descriptive analysis of the temporal distribution and thematic areas of these documents, which are carried out individually by the students of this career to opt for the Bachelor's Degree in Electrical Engineering. To perform the analysis, the following variables were obtained: a) number of projects per quinquennium, b) thematic areas, c) number of pages per document, d) gender of the authors. In total, 938 documents were analyzed, using the information contained in the databases of the SIBDI system of the University of Costa Rica. The results were discussed in terms of the evolution of the variables and themes throughout the twenty years of the period studied. Among the findings are the greater participation of women in recent years, the reduction of the size of the documents, and the constant updating of the themes. These results reflect the interests and active areas of this career, so the results can be an indicator of the evolution of the Electrical Engineering discipline in the institution.

Discussion on project performance evaluation of non-profit central research institute fund in medical institutes / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To explore the current situation,problems and countermeasures of project performance evaluation of Non profit Central Research Institute Fund.Methods Identifying issues and proposing suggestions by process analysis of projects performance evaluation in one medical research institute (Institute Y for short).Results Preliminarily,Medical research institutes have already built the performance evaluation system of research project.However,applications of evaluation are limited,lacking of connections with project management milestones.Conclusions The problems and countermeasures obtained from Institute Y could provide reference for the performance evaluation of medical research projects in China.

The impact of the hospital-level initial funding for overseas returnee on the ability of scientific research projects of young people in the third class hospital / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Through the investigation of the research funding status of returnees before and after their long-term (more than 3 months) study at abroad in a three class hospital,this paper analyzed the influence of the hospital level initial funding to help young talent to obtain scientific research funding,discussed appropriate measurement to enhance the scientific research capacity of hospital young talents to provide reference for management.Methods Long-term sponsored study abroad returnees from 2005 to 2015 of this hospital were recruited as subjects,divided into two groups according to whether they got the hospital-level initial funding after returning,comparative analysis was conducted to understand the influence of such funding to help obtaining subsequent research projects of these young talents.Results The number of subjects per capita returned to the obtained group was higher than that of the non obtained group,and the proportion of high-level subjects at provincial and ministerial levels was higher than that of the non-obtained group (P＜0.05),and the average time interval between the groups after returning home was less than that of the non-obtained group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The hospital-level initial funding for overseas returnee can obviously improve the quality and speed of the subsequent projects of the young talents in the hospital,and have a significant positive effect on mobilizing the enthusiasm for scientific research,improving their scientific re search ability,and improving the overall scientific research level and competitiveness of the hospital.

Pesquisa com métodos mistos na enfermagem: experiência na pós-graduação / Research with mixed methods in nursing: postgraduate experience / Investigación con métodos mixtos en enfermería: experiencia de posgrado

Objetivo: relatar a experiência de planejamento e execução de uma pesquisa com métodos mistos na pós-graduação stricto sensu em enfermagem. Método: relato de experiência de pesquisa vinculada a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem do Paraná e grupo de estudos na área gestão em saúde e enfermagem. O processo de planejamento e execução da investigação ocorreu no período de março de 2015 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados: o estudo foi sistematizado pelo método misto na estratégia explanatória sequencial. A experiência, descrita em três momentos/etapas: Pré-concepção, na qual realizou-se aproximação primária com a vertente metodológica; Planejamento do projeto de pesquisa, fase em que houve intensa imersão ao delineamento de estudo e objeto, culminando ao desenho de pesquisa, e; Execução, onde os procedimentos e fases da investigação planejados foram operacionalizados. Considerações Finais: apesar de desafiadora, a experiência foi profícua porque se mostrou factível à robustez dos resultados de pesquisas na enfermagem.

Objective: To report the experience of planning and executing a research with mixed methods in stricto sense postgraduate nursing. Method: report of research experience linked to the Nursing Graduate Program of Paraná and group of studies in the area of ​​health management and nursing. The process of planning and execution of the investigation took place from March 2015 to December 2017. Results: the study was systematized by the mixed method in the sequential explanatory strategy. The experience, described in three moments / stages: Preconception, in which a primary approach was made to the methodological aspect; Research project planning, phase in which there was intense immersion in the study and object design, culminating in the research design, and; Execution, where the procedures and planned investigation phases were operationalized. Final Thoughts: Although challenging, the experience was fruitful because it proved feasible to the robustness of nursing research results.

Objetivo: Informar sobre la experiencia de una investigación con métodos mixtos en enfermería de posgrado estrictamente sentido. Método: experiencia investigadora vinculada al Programa de Posgrado en Enfermería de Paraná y grupo de estudios en el área de gestión de salud y enfermería. El proceso de planificación y ejecución de la investigación tuvo lugar de marzo de 2015 a diciembre de 2017. Resultados: el estudio fue sistematizado por el método mixto en la estrategia explicativa secuencial. La experiencia, descrita en tres momentos/etapas: Preconcepción, en la cual se realizó un enfoque primario del aspecto metodológico; Planificación de la investigación, fase en la que hubo una inmersión intensa en el estudio y el diseño del objeto, que culminó en el diseño de la investigación, y; Ejecución, donde se operacionalizaron los procedimientos planificados. Reflexiones finales: la experiencia fue fructífera porque resultó factible para la solidez de los resultados de la investigación de enfermería.

Discussion on the Problems and Suggestions in Ethical Review of Clinical Scientific Research Projects in China / 中国医学伦理学

Objective: To standardize the capacity construction of medical ethics committee,improve the quali-ty of ethical review of clinical scientific research projects,and better protect the rights and interests of subjects.Methods: This paper reviewed the literature about standardization construction of ethical review of clinical scientif-ic research projects and analyzed them comprehensively.Results: Based on the problems of regulatory system,re-view standards,education training,ethic awareness and tracking review facing in the practice of ethical review,this paper put forward some reflections and suggestions for the ethical development trend and solving strategies of clinical scientific research projects in future.Conclusion: It should standardize the construction of ethical review system of clinical scientific research projects,strengthen education and training,promote the construction capacity of medical ethics committee of our country,and promote the scientificity and standardization of the ethical review of clinical scientific research projects.

Optimization and implementation of the information system of scientific research management in hospital under the background of national science and technology system reform / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Base on the requirements of national science and technology system reform,to optimize the information system of scientific research management in hospital,improve the level of scientific research management and service.Methods According to the requirements of the national science and technology system reform and the current situation of our hospital,Peking University People's Hospital had formulated and implemented the optimization scheme of the information system of scientific research management.The questionnaire survey was used to understand the optimization effect of information system.Results The hospital had established a whole process coverage and real-time dynamic information system of scientific research management,which improved the efficiency and quality of scientific research management.The survey results showed that the hospital users have a good evaluation of the information system,and the system construction has a strong advantage in the Beijing district hospitals.Conclusions The whole process and real-time dynamic information system of scientific research management established by the hospital accords with the relevant requirements of national science and technology system reform,and effectively improves the level of scientific research management and service in our hospital.

Interpretive description: a viable methodological approach for nursing research / Descripción interpretativa: un enfoque metodológico viable para la investigación en enfermedad / Descrição interpretativa: uma abordagem metodológica viável para a pesquisa em enfermagem

Abstract Objective: To present a theoretical reflection about the origin and the assumptions of the "Interpretive Description" method, and to discuss its applicability in Nursing and Health research. Method: Theoretical-reflective study, based on articles and books published by proponent of this approach, as well as scientific articles in which the authors reported having used this method in their studies. Results: It was evidenced that the "Interpretive Description" arose from the need to generate a better understanding of clinical practices in Nursing. This approach has its roots in the methodological traditions of the Social Sciences, although it differs from them in terms of its excessive rigidity and essentially theoretical objectives. The proposed method has been applied in several studies either in Nursing as other areas of Health. Conclusion: The "Interpretive Description" is considered a feasible approach for the production of knowledge in Applied Sciences such as Nursing.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar una reflexión teórica sobre el origen y los presupuestos del método de "Descripción Interpretativa", y discutir su aplicabilidad en las investigaciones en Enfermería y Salud. Método: Estudio teórico-reflexivo, teniendo como base artículos y libros publicados por la proponente de este enfoque, así como artículos científicos en los que los autores mencionar on haber usado ese método en sus estudios. Resultados: Se evidenció que la "Descripción Interpretativa" surgió de la necesidad de generar un mejor entendimiento de prácticas clínicas en Enfermería. Este enfoque tiene raíces en las tradiciones metodológicas de las Ciencias Sociales, aunque diferenciándose de éstas en lo que concierne a su excesiva rigidez y objetivos de naturaleza esencialmente teórica. El método propuesto ha sido aplicado en varios estudios tanto de Enfermería y de otras áreas de la Salud. Conclusión: Se considera la "Descripción Interpretativa" una borda je viable para la producción de conocimiento en Ciencias Aplicadas como la Enfermería.

Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar reflexão teórica sobre o método de "Descrição Interpretativa", discutindo sua aplicabilidade às pesquisas em Enfermagem e em Saúde. Método: Estudo teórico-reflexivo, com base em artigos e livros publicados pela proponente dessa abordagem, e em artigos nos quais os autores referiram ter usado o método. Resultados: Evidenciou-se que a "Descrição Interpretativa" surgiu da necessidade de uma opção metodológica mais direcionada às Ciências Aplicadas como a Enfermagem. Essa abordagem tem raízes em tradições metodológicas das Ciências Sociais, mas diferencia-se destas por sua natureza mais prática e pela maior flexibilidade na aplicação das etapas do método. Esse referencial metodológico vem sendo aplicado em estudos tanto de Enfermagem como de outras áreas da Saúde. Conclusão: Considera-se a "Descrição Interpretativa" uma abordagem metodológica viável e exequível para a produção de conhecimento em Enfermagem.

O gerenciamento de enfermagem em projetos de pesquisa interprofissionais: relato de experiência / Gestión de proyectos de investigación en enfermería interprofesional: relato de experiencia / Management of nursing interprofessional research projects: experience report

RESUMO Introdução: O profissional enfermeiro, como formação tem seus eixos de atuação nas áreas de gerencia, assistência, ensino e pesquisa. Cada vez mais, enfermeiros ocupam cargos de gestores nos serviços de saúde. E nos últimos anos vem se inserindo em projetos de pesquisa, para desenvolver ações de enfermagem baseada em evidências. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do profissional enfermeiro que exerce a função de coordenador de um centro de exames onde são coletados os dados da pesquisa multicêntrica intitulada "Condições de Vida e Saúde da População de Pomerode - SHIP-BRAZIL", da Universidade de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil, em parceria com a Universidade de Greifswald, Alemanha. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem descritiva, através do relato de experiência do profissional. O período de análise foi de julho de 2013 a dezembro de 2015. A coleta de dados fez-se por relato oral, e a análise feita a partir da análise se conteúdo. Resultados: A experiência vivenciada descreve o processo de gestão de estrutura física do centro de exames, gestão de custos, gestão de pessoas, gestão do cuidado e as ferramentas gerenciais utilizadas neste processo. Conclusão: o relato elucida o papel essencial do enfermeiro no processo de estruturação e manutenção do centro de exames, bem como sua postura de liderança e contribui para atuação futura de enfermeiros na área gestão em pesquisa(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: el profesional de enfermería, debido a su formación, tiene como principales áreas de actividad: las de gestión, atención, enseñanza e investigación. Cada vez más, las enfermeras ocupan puestos de dirección en los servicios de salud. Y en los últimos años se ha ido entrando en proyectos de investigación para desarrollar acciones de enfermería basadas en la evidencia. Objetivo: presentar la experiencia de la enfermera profesional que lleva a cabo la función de coordinador de un centro de exámenes donde se recogen los datos del estudio multicéntrico "Condiciones de Vida y Salud Pomerode Población - ENVÍO-BRASIL". Métodos: se trata de una investigación cualitativa con enfoque descriptivo de la Universidad de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil, en colaboración con la Universidad de Greifswald, Alemania, a través de la experiencia profesional. El período de revisión: a partir de julio de 2013 hasta diciembre de 2015. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la presentación de informes orales, y el análisis del análisis es el contenido. Resultados: la experiencia vivida describe el proceso de la estructura física de la gestión del centro de exámenes, gestión de costes, gestión de personas, gestión y las herramientas de gestión utilizadas en este proceso de atención. Conclusión: el informe deja claro el papel esencial de la enfermera en el proceso de estructuración y mantenimiento del centro de examen, así como su posición de liderazgo y contribuir a la evolución futura de las enfermeras en el manejo de las áreas de investigación(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The nurse professional, as a training, has its axes of action in the areas of management, assistance, teaching and research. Increasingly, nurses occupy managerial positions in health services. And in the last few years he has been working on research projects to develop evidence-based nursing actions. Objective: To report the experience of the nurse practitioner who performs the function of coordinator of an examination center where the data of the multicenter research entitled "Conditions of Life and Health of the Population of Pomerode - SHIP-BRAZIL", of the University of Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil, in partnership with the University of Greifswald, Germany. Methods: It is a qualitative research, with a descriptive approach, through the experience report of the professional. The period of analysis was from July 2013 to December 2015. The data collection was done by oral report, and the analysis made from the analysis if content. Results: Experienced experience describes the physical structure management process of the exam center, cost management, people management, care management and the management tools used in this process. Conclusion: The report elucidates the essential role of the nurse in the process of structuring and maintaining the examination center, as well as its leadership position and contributes to the future performance of nurses in the area of research management(AU)

Cadenas de markov aplicadas al análisis de la ejecución de proyectos de investigación / Markov chains applied to the analyzis of the progress of research projets

La administración moderna requiere el apoyo de herramientas de diferentes ramas de la ciencia que ayuden al proceso de toma de decisiones, como por ejemplo la Matemática Aplicada. En este contexto aparecen variables aleatorias que con el transcurso del tiempo cambian, y que pueden ser representadas a través de modelos cuantitativos. Cuando en estos modelos el estado presente de dichas variables resume toda la información anterior para describir cómo se comportarán en el futuro, se dice que se está en presencia de una cadena de Markov; una herramienta eficiente para el análisis de procesos de esta naturaleza, como por ejemplo la ejecución de proyectos de investigación, el cual reviste gran importancia en la gestión de ciencia e innovación tecnológica; área de resultados clave en cualquier universidad. En la Facultad de Tecnología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, el análisis de la ejecución de los proyectos de investigación se consideró como una cadena de Markov, definiendo los diferentes estados por los que puede estar un proyecto, y las probabilidades de que este se encuentre en un estado determinado a partir del estado en que se encontraba. Así se determinaron elementos que permiten apoyar la toma de decisiones a corto y a largo plazo, a partir de datos históricos durante el trienio 2013 - 2015, relacionados con la cantidad promedio de inspecciones a los mismos, probabilidades de un proyecto cerrar, etc.; permitiendo pronosticar en términos de probabilidades el estado de este subsistema en el futuro(AU)

Modern management tools require support from different branches of science to help the decision-making process, such as Applied Mathematics. In this context, random variables with change over time, and that can be represented by quantitative models appear. When these models in the present state of these variables summarizes all the previous information to describe how they will behave in the future, it is said that we are in the presence of a Markov chain; an efficient tool for the analysis of processes of this nature, such as the execution of research projects, which is of great importance in the management of science and technological innovation; key result area at any university. In the Faculty of Technology, University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba, the analysis of the implementation of research projects was considered as a Markov chain, defining the different states through which can be a project and the odds of this is in a certain state from the state it was. And support elements that enable decision-making in the short and long term, from historical data in the period 2013 - 2015 were determined, related to the average number of inspections to a project, the probability of a project likely to close, etc.; allowing to predict in terms of probabilities the status of this subsystem in the future(AU)

Problems and Countermeasures in the Ethical Review of Scientific Research Projects / 中国医学伦理学

Through analyzing the problems of time,selection mode,research plan,and tracking review in the ethical review of scientific research projects,this paper put forward the corresponding countermeasures:standardized application procedures,diverse selection mode,standardized research plan,and strict tracking review.It aimed to improve the quality of ethical review of scientific research projects and improve the ethical review system.

Establishment of evaluation index system of medical research project based on Delphi method / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To construct a set of evaluation index system for medical research project,to make the work justice and fairness,to manage the research work scientificly and standardized,to promote scientific research and hospital development closely,so as to better serve the society.Methods Based on the literature review,semi structure interview method and current medical research project evaluation index system and related management methods,a preliminary index system was formed.Using the Delphi method to carry out two rounds anonymous questionnaire consulting,the medical research project acceptance evaluation index system was finalized.Results The evaluation index system of medical research projects includes 5 first-level indexes and 21 second-level indexes.Ranking from high to low is based on the weight coefficient of the size.Conclusions Through the establishment of the index system of medical scientific research projects,the project acceptance management work has become scientifically planned,which guide scientific research project productive and improving the scientific management level and technological innovation ability.

Actuación de estudiantes de enfermería en la creación de proyectos / Nursing students activities in projects' development

Resumen:

Introducción/Objetivo: por medio de los proyectos, la gestión del cuidado y del servicio requiere un abordaje multifactorial y multidisciplinario, en donde el profesional de enfermería visualiza a la persona de forma integral, utiliza las herramientas y crea alianzas con otras disciplinas para generar nuevas opciones de atención. El objetivo es presentar los resultados del proyecto de investigación 421-B0-249 Sistematización e impacto de los proyectos elaborados en el curso de Gerencia en Enfermería, de la Escuela de Enfermería (Universidad de Costa Rica. 2005-2009).

Método: esta investigación se enmarcó dentro de los elementos que establece la investigación documental. Se realizó la revisión de proyectos, de los informes de docentes que imparten el curso de gerencia, el material publicado y las entrevistas a informantes claves.

Resultados: se logró encontrar que ocho se implementaron realizando cambios en la infractructura y en la dotación de personal. La evidencia es que la mayoría de ellos genera cambios muy significativos en las instituciones, como la capacitación en temas sobre paro cardiaco, el proceso de enfermería y en investigación, la restructuración en departamentos, las ubicaciones de los centros de salud en riesgo y la generación tanto de líneas de investigación como la creación de nuevas áreas de atención.

Discusión: en términos generales se puede decir que la propuesta de aprendizaje de elaborar proyectos en el curso de gerencia en enfermería guarda una estrecha coyuntura con el contexto laboral donde trabajara el enfermero o enfermera egresada de la escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad de Costa Rica.

Conclusiones: el o la profesional en enfermería es idóneo/a como responsable de formular proyectos para la gestión del servicio y la gestión del cuidado, pues posee un gran conocimiento de diversas temáticas y propone las bases necesarias para lograr generar nuevas opciones de atención. Este es un escenario más de la actuación de enfermería que aporta conocimiento y genera seguridad en el ejercicio profesional. En los proyectos que están vigentes no se visibiliza o reconoce que fue propuesto por las y los estudiantes.

Abstract:

Introduction/Purpose: by means of projects, care and service management requires a multifactor and multidisciplinary approach so that nursing professionals can see a person from an integral point of view, use available tools, and create alliances with other disciplines in order to produce new care options. Our aim was to present the results of the research project 421-B0-249 systematization and impact of projects developed in a course on Nursing Management, School of Nursing, University of Costa Rica. 2005-2009.

Methods: we carried out an investigation based on documental research methods. Projects, teaching reports by academic staff in nursing management, published materials and interviews with key informants were reviewed.

Results: eight projects were found to be implemented through changes in infrastructures, involving staffing. Most of them were found to result in very significant changes in institutions, for example training on topics such as cardiac arrest, nursing process and nursing research, department reorganization, localization of healthcare at risk, and development of research lines and new healthcare areas. Discussion: in general terms, the training proposal to develop projects in a nursing management course is closely linked to the working settings of nurses being trained in University of Costa Rica School of Nursing.

Conclusions: nurses are suitable professionals to develop projects on service and healthcare management because they have a solid knowledge of various topics and apply the foundations required to create novel healthcare options. This is an additional scenario in nursing actions to provide knowledge and promote safety in nursing work. The fact that a specific project was suggested by students is not visible or recognizable in on-going projects.